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Reciprocal Fermat Constant


The reciprocal Fermat constant is the sum of the reciprocals of the Fermat numbers,

S=sum_(n=0)^(infty)1/(2^(2^n)+1)
(1)
=1/2sum_(k=1)^(infty)(s_2(k))/(2^k)
(2)
=1-sum_(k=1)^(infty)(nu_2(k))/(2^k)
(3)
=0.59606317211782167942379392586279064546...
(4)

(OEIS A051158), where s_2(k) is the binary digit sum of k, i.e., the number of 1s in its binary expansion, and nu_2(k) is the exponent of 2 in the prime factorization of k. The digit-sum identity is Problem E2455 in Moorthy (1974-1975); see also Finch (2019, p. 247).

Golomb (1963) proved that S is an irrational number, Duverney (2001) proved that it is a transcendental number, and Coons (2013) proved that its irrationality exponent is 2.

The Mellin transform identity

 int_0^infty(x^(s-1))/(e^x+1)dx=Gamma(s)(1-2^(1-s))zeta(s),
(5)

where Gamma is the gamma function and zeta is the Riemann zeta function, is valid for Res>0 (NIST DLMF, eqn. 25.5.3). Applying the inverse Mellin transform at x=2^nln2 and summing the geometric series sum_(n=0)^(infty)2^(-ns)=1/(1-2^(-s)) gives the contour representation

 S=1/(2pii)int_(c-iinfty)^(c+iinfty)(Gamma(s)(1-2^(1-s))zeta(s))/((1-2^(-s))(ln2)^s)ds,
(6)

where c>1 is a real number.

A number is disjunctive in base b if its base-b expansion contains every finite word over the digits 0, 1, ..., b-1. Equivalently, the sequence of fractional parts {b^nx} is dense modulo 1. Every normal number is disjunctive, but the converse need not hold (Leśniak 2014).

CaptainSude (2026) gives an AI-generated argument claiming that S is disjunctive but not normal in base 2, and that every finite binary word occurs with positive lower frequency. It also treats the family

 x=sum_(n=1)^infty(P(nu_c(n)))/(b^n),
(7)

where b,c>=2, P is a nonconstant polynomial whose coefficients are integers, and nu_c(n) is the greatest integer j for which c^j divides n. The claim states that every such x is base-b disjunctive and nonnormal. The release includes a Lean 4 check; independent specialist review had not been reported as of Sep. 9, 2026 (CaptainSude 2026, VibeMathed 2026).


See also

Fermat Number, Normal Number

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References

CaptainSude. "The Reciprocal Fermat Constant Is Nonnormal." Sep. 8, 2026. https://github.com/CaptainSude/reciprocal-Fermat-constant-Nonnormal/releases/tag/v1.0.0.Coons, M. "On the Rational Approximation of the Sum of the Reciprocals of the Fermat Numbers." Ramanujan J. 30, 39-65, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11139-012-9410-x.Duverney, D. "Transcendence of a Fast Converging Series of Rational Numbers." Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 130, 193-207, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305004100004783.Finch, S. R. Mathematical Constants II. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, p. 247, 2019.Golomb, S. W. "On the Sum of the Reciprocals of the Fermat Numbers and Related Irrationalities." Canad. J. Math. 15, 475-478, 1963. https://doi.org/10.4153/CJM-1963-051-0.Leśniak, K. "On Discrete Stochastic Processes with Disjunctive Outcomes." Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 90, 149-159, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0004972714000124.Moorthy, S. A. "Problem E2455." Amer. Math. Monthly 81, 85, 1974; solution 82, 173-174, 1975. Problem: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2318925. Solution: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2319669.National Institute of Standards and Technology. "Integral Representations." §25.5(i) in Digital Library of Mathematical Functions. https://dlmf.nist.gov/25.5.E3.Sloane, N. J. A. Sequence A051158 in "The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences."VibeMathed. "Reciprocal Fermat Constant Is Nonnormal." Sep. 8, 2026. https://vibemathed.com/problem/reciprocal-fermat-constant-is-nonnormal.

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Reciprocal Fermat Constant." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/ReciprocalFermatConstant.html

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