A modular function (or "elliptic modular function") satisfies the following conditions:
1.
is meromorphic in the upper
half-plane
,
2.
for every matrix
in the modular group Gamma,
3. The Laurent series of has the form
(Apostol 1997, p. 34). Every rational function of Klein's absolute invariant is a modular function, and every modular function can be expressed
as a rational function of
(Apostol 1997, p. 40). A modular function is a meromorphic modular form of weight 0, and may have poles.
An important property of modular functions is that if is modular and not identically 0, then the number of zeros
of
is equal to the number of poles of
in the closure of the fundamental
region
(Apostol 1997, p. 34).