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Generalized Euler Line


A generalized Euler line of a convex polygon may be defined by averaging the circumcenters, triangle centroids, and orthocenters of a cyclically selected family of triangles from the polygon vertices.

For a convex polygon with vertices P_1, P_2, ..., P_n, let Delta_i be the triangle with vertices P_i, P_(i+1), and P_(i+2) for i=1, 2, ..., n, where indices are interpreted modulo n. If C_i, G_i, and H_i are respectively the circumcenter, triangle centroid, and orthocenter of Delta_i, define the averaged centers by

P_C=1/nsum_(i=1)^(n)C_i
(1)
P_G=1/nsum_(i=1)^(n)G_i
(2)
P_H=1/nsum_(i=1)^(n)H_i.
(3)

When these three averaged centers are collinear, their common line is the generalized Euler line of the polygon in this sense (Velezmoro León et al. 2026).

For every convex quadrilateral, the averaged points P_C, P_G, and P_H are collinear and so determine a generalized Euler line. In this case,

 P_G=(P_1+P_2+P_3+P_4)/4.
(4)

For a cyclic polygon, P_C is the circumcenter of the polygon, so any nondegenerate generalized Euler line passes through the circumcenter. For an isosceles trapezoid, the generalized Euler line is the axis of symmetry; for a right trapezoid, it is perpendicular to the parallel sides and splits the trapezoid into two equal-area pieces.

This averaged-center construction is distinct from the generalized Euler line associated with the circumcenter of mass.


See also

Circumcenter of Mass, Convex Polygon, Cyclic Polygon, Euler Line, Isosceles Trapezoid, Quadrilateral, Right Trapezoid

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References

Tabachnikov, S. and Tsukerman, E. "Circumcenter of Mass and Generalized Euler Line." Disc. Comput. Geom. 51, 815-836, 2014.Velezmoro León, R.; Arellano Ramírez, C.; Ipanaqué Chero, R.; Silupu Ortega, V.; Espino Aguirre, H.; and Escobar Gómez, E. "On a Generalization of the Euler Line for Convex Polygons via Averaged Triangle Centers." AIMS Mathematics 11, 20291-20308, 2026. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.2026824.

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Generalized Euler Line." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/GeneralizedEulerLine.html

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