TOPICS
Search

Erdős-Ginzburg-Ziv Constant


The Erdős-Ginzburg-Ziv constant s(G) of a finite Abelian group G of group exponent n is the least length such that every sequence over G of that length contains a zero-sum subsequence of exactly n terms (Gao and Geroldinger 2006). The length is prescribed by the group exponent, whereas the Gao constant prescribes the group order. For the cyclic group C_n, the Erdős-Ginzburg-Ziv theorem gives s(C_n)=2n-1.

For r>=4 and n=2^am with a>=1 and odd m>=3, Wang and Zeng (2026) proved

 s(C_n^r)>=2^r(n-1)+2^(r-3)(m-1)+1.
(1)

For r>=4 and n>=6 with n=2  (mod4), Elsholtz (2026) proved

 s(C_n^r)>=2^r(n-1)+2^(r-2)+1.
(2)

Elsholtz (2026) strengthened these bounds in the revised treatment. For n=2^am with a>=1, odd m>=3, and r>=4,

 s(C_n^r)>=2^r(n-1)+(m-1)2^(r-3)|_r/4_|+1,
(3)

where |_x_| is the floor function. This improves the Wang-Zeng bound for r>=8. For n=2m with odd m>=3, Elsholtz (2026) also proved

 s(C_n^r)>=2^r(n-1)+(m-1)2^(r-2)|_r/5_|+1
(4)

for r>=5. In particular, s(C_n^5)>=32(n-1)+8(m-1)+1.

Here C_n^r is the direct sum of r copies of C_n. For even n, these strict improvements on 2^r(n-1)+1 obstruct Property D. Elsholtz (2026) reports AI assistance with the constructions and finite verification.

Han and Zhang (2026) proved the dimension-dependent bound

 s((Z/nZ)^r)<=(2r; r)(n-1)+1<=4^rn
(5)

for all positive integers n and r. Thus any sequence of 4^rn lattice points in Z^r contains n terms whose centroid is a lattice point. Repeated terms are allowed and are counted by their positions. Han and Zhang (2026) report ChatGPT assistance in simplifying proof strategies.


See also

Gao Constant, Property C, Property D, Zero-Sum Sequence

Explore with Wolfram|Alpha

References

Elsholtz, C. "The Erdős-Ginzburg-Ziv Constant of C_n^r for Even n: Rigid Sequences, Products, and Growth Beyond Harborth's Bound." 27 Oct 2026. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.35819.Gao, W. and Geroldinger, A. "Zero-Sum Problems in Finite Abelian Groups: A Survey." Expo. Math. 24, 337-369, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exmath.2006.07.002.Han, D. and Zhang, H. "On the Erdős-Ginzburg-Ziv Problem for Z_n^r." 29 Oct 2026. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.40095.Wang, G. and Zeng, X. "Inverse Zero-Sum Problems of Erdős-Ginzburg-Ziv Constant: Property C and Property D Conjectures." 25 Oct 2026. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.25271.

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Erdős-Ginzburg-Ziv Constant." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Erdos-Ginzburg-ZivConstant.html

Subject classifications