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Class 2 Graph


A class 2 graph is a simple graph whose edge chromatic number equals Delta+1, where Delta is its maximum vertex degree. Vizing's theorem states that a simple graph can be edge-colored in either Delta or Delta+1 colors.

Class 2 graphs include the Petersen graph, complete graphs K_n for n=3, 5, 7, ..., and the snarks.

All regular graphs with at least one graph edge and an odd number of vertices are class 2 by parity. Such graphs necessarily have even vertex degree.

A sufficient condition for a graph G to be class 2 is

 nu(G)Delta(G)<m,

where nu(G) is the matching number, Delta(G) the maximum vertex degree, and m the edge count of G.

The following table summarizes some named class 2 graphs.

Class2GraphsSimple

The numbers of nonisomorphic class 2 simple graphs on n=1, 2, ... vertices are 0, 0, 1, 1, 6, 11, 50, 131, 1131, ... (OEIS A099437).

Class2GraphsSimpleConnected

Similarly, the numbers of nonisomorphic connected class 2 simple graphs on n=1, 2, ... vertices are 0, 0, 1, 0, 4, 3, 32, 67, 930, ... (OEIS A099438; Royle).


See also

Class 1 Graph, Overfull Graph, Petersen Graph, Snark, Vizing's Theorem

Portions of this entry contributed by Ed Pegg, Jr. (author's link)

Portions of this entry contributed by Stan Wagon

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References

Royle, G. "Class 2 Graphs." https://web.archive.org/web/20130518153000/http://school.maths.uwa.edu.au/~gordon/remote/graphs/#class2.Sloane, N. J. A. Sequences A099437 and A099438 in "The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences."

Referenced on Wolfram|Alpha

Class 2 Graph

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W., with contributions by Ed Pegg, Jr. and Stan Wagon. "Class 2 Graph." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Class2Graph.html

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