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An auction in which the highest bidder wins but pays only the second-highest bid. This variation over the normal bidding procedure is supposed to encourage bidders to bid the ...

The vierergruppe is the Abelian abstract group on four elements that is isomorphic to the finite group C2×C2 and the dihedral group D_2. The multiplication table of one ...

Let s_i be the sum of the products of distinct polynomial roots r_j of the polynomial equation of degree n a_nx^n+a_(n-1)x^(n-1)+...+a_1x+a_0=0, (1) where the roots are taken ...

The substitution of x=w-p/(3w) (1) into the standard form cubic equation x^3+px=q. (2) The result reduces the cubic to the equation w^3-(p^3)/(27w^3)-q=0, (3) which is easily ...

The base-20 notational system for representing real numbers. The digits used to represent numbers using vigesimal notation are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F, ...

In the American system, 10^(63).

Four circles may be drawn through an arbitrary point P on a torus. The first two circles are obvious: one is in the plane of the torus and the second perpendicular to it. The ...

A horizontal line placed above multiple quantities to indicate that they form a unit. It is most commonly used to denote 1. A radical (sqrt(12345)), 2. Repeating decimals ...

Every sufficiently large odd number is a sum of three primes (Vinogradov 1937). Ramachandra and Sankaranarayanan (1997) have shown that for sufficiently large n, the error ...

A diagonal slash resembling the solidus, but with slightly less slant, used to denote division for in-line equations such as a/b, 1/(x-1)^2, etc.