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Two vectors u and v are parallel if their cross product is zero, i.e., uxv=0.

The scalar |v|=ds/dt, where s is the arc length, equal to the magnitude of the velocity v.

Given a contravariant basis {e^->_1,...,e^->_n}, its dual covariant basis is given by e^->^alpha·e^->_beta=g(e^->^alpha,e^->_beta)=delta_beta^alpha, where g is the metric and ...

For vectors u=(u_x,u_y,u_z) and v=(v_x,v_y,v_z) in R^3, the cross product in is defined by uxv = x^^(u_yv_z-u_zv_y)-y^^(u_xv_z-u_zv_x)+z^^(u_xv_y-u_yv_x) (1) = ...

The tangent space at a point p in an abstract manifold M can be described without the use of embeddings or coordinate charts. The elements of the tangent space are called ...

Given a smooth manifold M with an open cover U_i, a partition of unity subject to the cover U_i is a collection of smooth, nonnegative functions psi_i, such that the support ...

Two lines, vectors, planes, etc., are said to be perpendicular if they meet at a right angle. In R^n, two vectors a and b are perpendicular if their dot product a·b=0. (1) In ...

de Rham cohomology is a formal set-up for the analytic problem: If you have a differential k-form omega on a manifold M, is it the exterior derivative of another differential ...

The acceleration of an element of fluid, given by the convective derivative of the velocity v, (Dv)/(Dt)=(partialv)/(partialt)+v·del v, where del is the gradient operator.

For any function f:A->B (where A and B are any sets), the kernel (also called the null space) is defined by Ker(f)={x:x in Asuch thatf(x)=0}, so the kernel gives the elements ...