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If two points A and A^' are inverse (sometimes called conjugate) with respect to a circle (the inversion circle), then the straight line through A^' which is perpendicular to ...

A prime power is a prime or integer power of a prime. A test for a number n being a prime is implemented in the Wolfram Language as PrimePowerQ[n]. The first few prime powers ...

A primefree sequence is sequence whose terms are never prime. Graham (1964) proved that there exist relatively prime positive integers a and b such that the recurrence ...

The probability density function (PDF) P(x) of a continuous distribution is defined as the derivative of the (cumulative) distribution function D(x), D^'(x) = ...

The pseudosquare L_p modulo the odd prime p is the least nonsquare positive integer that is congruent to 1 (mod 8) and for which the Legendre symbol (L_p/q)=1 for all odd ...

A moment mu_n of a probability function P(x) taken about 0, mu_n^' = <x^n> (1) = intx^nP(x)dx. (2) The raw moments mu_n^' (sometimes also called "crude moments") can be ...

Consider the sequence defined by w_1=01 and w_(n+1)=w_nw_nw_n^R, where l^R denotes the reverse of a sequence l. The first few terms are then 01, 010110, 010110010110011010, ...

In his famous paper of 1859, Riemann stated that the number N(T) of Riemann zeta function zeros sigma+it with 0<t<=T is asymptotically given by ...

A round number is a number that is the product of a considerable number of comparatively small factors (Hardy 1999, p. 48). Round numbers are very rare. As Hardy (1999, p. ...

A method of numerically integrating ordinary differential equations by using a trial step at the midpoint of an interval to cancel out lower-order error terms. The ...