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For any algebraic number x of degree n>2, a rational approximation p/q to x must satisfy |x-p/q|>1/(q^n) for sufficiently large q. Writing r=n leads to the definition of the ...

A bounded entire function in the complex plane C is constant. The fundamental theorem of algebra follows as a simple corollary.

The second-order ordinary differential equation y^('')+g(y)y^('2)+f(x)y^'=0 (1) is called Liouville's equation (Goldstein and Braun 1973; Zwillinger 1997, p. 124), as are the ...

States that for a nondissipative Hamiltonian system, phase space density (the area between phase space contours) is constant. This requires that, given a small time increment ...

The Littlewood conjecture states that for any two real numbers x,y in R, lim inf_(n->infty)n|nx-nint(nx)||ny-nint(ny)|=0 where nint(z) denotes the nearest integer function. ...

The Livingstone graph is a distance-transitive graph on 266 vertices defined in terms of the Janko group J_1. It has intersection array {11,10,6,1;1,1,5,11}. The Livingstone ...

The Ljubljana graph is a graph on 112 vertices that is the third smallest cubic semisymmetric graph. It was discovered by Brouwer et al. (1993) and rediscovered by Conder et ...

lnx is the notation used in physics and engineering to denote the logarithm to base e, also called the natural logarithm, i.e., lnx=log_ex. The United States Department of ...

The unique magic square of order three. The Lo Shu is an associative magic square, but not a panmagic square.

A mathematical property P holds locally if P is true near every point. In many different areas of mathematics, this notion is very useful. For instance, the sphere, and more ...