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The l^2-norm (also written "l^2-norm") |x| is a vector norm defined for a complex vector x=[x_1; x_2; |; x_n] (1) by |x|=sqrt(sum_(k=1)^n|x_k|^2), (2) where |x_k| on the ...

The most general form of Lagrange's group theorem, also known as Lagrange's lemma, states that for a group G, a subgroup H of G, and a subgroup K of H, (G:K)=(G:H)(H:K), ...

An ordering for the Cartesian product × of any two sets A and B with order relations <A and <B, respectively, such that if (a_1,b_1) and (a_2,b_2) both belong to A×B, then ...

A representation of a Lie algebra g is a linear transformation psi:g->M(V), where M(V) is the set of all linear transformations of a vector space V. In particular, if V=R^n, ...

Long multiplication is the method of multiplication that is commonly taught to elementary school students throughout the world. It can be used on two numbers of arbitrarily ...

Let p be prime and r = r_mp^m+...+r_1p+r_0 (0<=r_i<p) (1) k = k_mp^m+...+k_1p+k_0 (0<=k_i<p), (2) then (r; k)=product_(i=0)^m(r_i; k_i) (mod p). (3) This is proved in Fine ...

A Lyapunov function is a scalar function V(y) defined on a region D that is continuous, positive definite, V(y)>0 for all y!=0), and has continuous first-order partial ...

The product C of two matrices A and B is defined as c_(ik)=a_(ij)b_(jk), (1) where j is summed over for all possible values of i and k and the notation above uses the ...

In a set X equipped with a binary operation · called a product, the multiplicative identity is an element e such that e·x=x·e=x for all x in X. It can be, for example, the ...

Let Omega be a space with measure mu>=0, and let Phi(P,Q) be a real function on the product space Omega×Omega. When (mu,nu) = intintPhi(P,Q)dmu(Q)dnu(P) (1) = ...