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In combinatorial logic minimization, a device known as a Karnaugh map is frequently used. It is similar to a truth table, but the various variables are represented along two ...

A Lorentz transformation is a four-dimensional transformation x^('mu)=Lambda^mu_nux^nu, (1) satisfied by all four-vectors x^nu, where Lambda^mu_nu is a so-called Lorentz ...

The Lovász number theta(G) of a graph G, sometimes also called the theta function of G, was introduced by Lovász (1979) with the explicit goal of estimating the Shannon ...

Roughly speaking, a tangent vector is an infinitesimal displacement at a specific point on a manifold. The set of tangent vectors at a point P forms a vector space called the ...

The inverse of a square matrix A, sometimes called a reciprocal matrix, is a matrix A^(-1) such that AA^(-1)=I, (1) where I is the identity matrix. Courant and Hilbert (1989, ...

The conjugate gradient method can be viewed as a special variant of the Lanczos method for positive definite symmetric systems. The minimal residual method (MINRES) and ...

A noncayley graph is a graph which is not a Cayley graph. All graphs that are not vertex-transitive are noncayley graphs. However, some vertex-transitive graph are noncayley. ...

An ordered factorization is a factorization (not necessarily into prime factors) in which a×b is considered distinct from b×a. The following table lists the ordered ...

A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel (and therefore opposite angles equal). A quadrilateral with equal sides is called a rhombus, and a ...

A projective module generalizes the concept of the free module. A module M over a nonzero unit ring R is projective iff it is a direct summand of a free module, i.e., of some ...