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A number that is "close" to (but not equal to) zero may be called an almost zero. In contrast, a number or expression that is equal to zero is said to be identically zero. ...

Elementary number theory is the branch of number theory in which elementary methods (i.e., arithmetic, geometry, and high school algebra) are used to solve equations with ...

An equation for a lattice sum b_3(1) (Borwein and Bailey 2003, p. 26) b_3(1) = sum^'_(i,j,k=-infty)^infty((-1)^(i+j+k))/(sqrt(i^2+j^2+k^2)) (1) = ...

A fractal-like structure is produced for x<0 by superposing plots of Carotid-Kundalini functions ck_n of different orders n. the region -1<x<0 is called fractal land by ...

The term "Cartan algebra" has two meanings in mathematics, so care is needed in determining from context which meaning is intended. One meaning is a "Cartan subalgebra," ...

Let C be a smooth geometrically connected projective curve over F_q with q=p^s a prime power. Let infty be a fixed closed point of X but not necessarily F_q-rational. A ...

A cycle of a finite group G is a minimal set of elements {A^0,A^1,...,A^n} such that A^0=A^n=I, where I is the identity element. A diagram of a group showing every cycle in ...

A family of operators mapping each space M_k of modular forms onto itself. For a fixed integer k and any positive integer n, the Hecke operator T_n is defined on the set M_k ...

A non-zero module which is not the direct sum of two of its proper submodules. The negation of indecomposable is, of course, decomposable. An abstract vector space is ...

An N-cluster is a point lattice configuration in which the distance between every pair of points is an integer, no three points are collinear, and no four points are ...