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The conjugate gradient method is an algorithm for finding the nearest local minimum of a function of n variables which presupposes that the gradient of the function can be ...

The proposal originally made by Georg Cantor that there is no infinite set with a cardinal number between that of the "small" infinite set of integers aleph_0 and the "large" ...

The classic treatise in geometry written by Euclid and used as a textbook for more than 1000 years in western Europe. An Arabic version The Elements appears at the end of the ...

The elliptic curve factorization method, abbreviated ECM and sometimes also called the Lenstra elliptic curve method, is a factorization algorithm that computes a large ...

A second-order algebraic surface given by the general equation (1) Quadratic surfaces are also called quadrics, and there are 17 standard-form types. A quadratic surface ...

An Achilles number is a positive integer that is powerful (in the sense that each prime factor occurs with exponent greater than one) but imperfect (in the sense that the ...

An addition chain for a number n is a sequence 1=a_0<a_1<...<a_r=n, such that each member after a_0 is the sum of two earlier (not necessarily distinct) ones. The number r is ...

Given an acute angle in a right triangle, the adjacent side is the leg of the triangle from which the angle to the hypotenuse is measured. Lengths of adjacent and opposite ...

In a graph G, two graph vertices are adjacent if they are joined by a graph edge.

The determination of the number of alternating permutations having elements {1,2,...,n}.