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A contravariant tensor is a tensor having specific transformation properties (cf., a covariant tensor). To examine the transformation properties of a contravariant tensor, ...

A copositive matrix is a real n×n square matrix A=(a_(ij)) that makes the corresponding quadratic form f(x)=x^(T)Ax nonnegative for all nonnegative n-vectors x. Copositive ...

A covariant tensor, denoted with a lowered index (e.g., a_mu) is a tensor having specific transformation properties. In general, these transformation properties differ from ...

A general system of fourth-order curvilinear coordinates based on the cyclide in which Laplace's equation is separable (either simply separable or R-separable). Bôcher (1894) ...

A series which is not convergent. Series may diverge by marching off to infinity or by oscillating. Divergent series have some curious properties. For example, rearranging ...

Given a Poisson distribution with rate of change lambda, the distribution of waiting times between successive changes (with k=0) is D(x) = P(X<=x) (1) = 1-P(X>x) (2) = ...

Let X be a set of urelements, and let V(^*X) be an enlargement of the superstructure V(X). Let A in V(X) be a finitary algebra with finitely many fundamental operations. Then ...

A method for solving an equation by approximating continuous quantities as a set of quantities at discrete points, often regularly spaced into a so-called grid or mesh. ...

In mathematics, a formal language is normally defined by an alphabet and formation rules. The alphabet of a formal language is a set of symbols on which this language is ...

A hedgehog is an envelope parameterized by its Gauss map (Martinez-Maure 1996). Viewed another way, a hedgehog is a Minkowski difference of a convex body (Martinez-Maure ...