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The connective in logic corresponding to the exclusive nor operation. A XNOR B is equivalent to (A ^ B) v (!A ^ !B), where ^ denotes AND, v denotes OR, and !A denotes NOT. ...

Pre-Algebra

Two oriented knots (or links) can be summed by placing them side by side and joining them by straight bars so that orientation is preserved in the sum. The knot sum is also ...

An operation on rings and modules. Given a commutative unit ring R, and a subset S of R, closed under multiplication, such that 1 in S, and 0 not in S, the localization of R ...

A connective in logic which yields true if any one of a sequence conditions is true, and false if all conditions are false. In formal logic, the term disjunction (or, more ...

In the IEEE 754-2008 standard (referred to as IEEE 754 henceforth), a quiet NaN or qNaN is a NaN which is quiet in the sense of rarely signaling a floating-point exception. ...

The operation of exchanging all points of a mathematical object with their mirror images (i.e., reflections in a mirror). Objects that do not change handedness under ...

In logic, the term "homomorphism" is used in a manner similar to but a bit different from its usage in abstract algebra. The usage in logic is a special case of a "morphism" ...

An alternating sign matrix is a matrix of 0s, 1s, and -1s in which the entries in each row or column sum to 1 and the nonzero entries in each row and column alternate in ...

The inverse of a square matrix A, sometimes called a reciprocal matrix, is a matrix A^(-1) such that AA^(-1)=I, (1) where I is the identity matrix. Courant and Hilbert (1989, ...