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A strong Riemannian metric on a smooth manifold M is a (0,2) tensor field g which is both a strong pseudo-Riemannian metric and positive definite. In a very precise way, the ...

The contraction of a tensor is obtained by setting unlike indices equal and summing according to the Einstein summation convention. Contraction reduces the tensor rank by 2. ...

A hash function H projects a value from a set with many (or even an infinite number of) members to a value from a set with a fixed number of (fewer) members. Hash functions ...

An alternating group is a group of even permutations on a set of length n, denoted A_n or Alt(n) (Scott 1987, p. 267). Alternating groups are therefore permutation groups. ...

A contravariant tensor is a tensor having specific transformation properties (cf., a covariant tensor). To examine the transformation properties of a contravariant tensor, ...

The detour matrix Delta, sometimes also called the maximum path matrix or maximal topological distances matrix, of a graph is a symmetric matrix whose (i,j)th entry is the ...

The detour polynomial of a graph G is the characteristic polynomial of the detour matrix of G. Precomputed detour polynomials for many named graphs are available in the ...

The dihedral group D_n is the symmetry group of an n-sided regular polygon for n>1. The group order of D_n is 2n. Dihedral groups D_n are non-Abelian permutation groups for ...

If a is an arbitrary integer relatively prime to n and g is a primitive root of n, then there exists among the numbers 0, 1, 2, ..., phi(n)-1, where phi(n) is the totient ...

The Pauli matrices, also called the Pauli spin matrices, are complex matrices that arise in Pauli's treatment of spin in quantum mechanics. They are defined by sigma_1 = ...