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A tensor-like object which reverses sign under inversion. Given a transformation matrix A, A_(ij)^'=det|A|a_(ik)a_(jl)A_(kl), where det is the determinant. A pseudotensor is ...

If a fixed point is added to each group of a special complete series, then the resulting series is complete.

A reflexive graph is a pseudograph such that each vertex has an associated graph loop.

An outer measure mu on R^n is Borel regular if, for each set X subset R^n, there exists a Borel set B superset X such that mu(B)=mu(X). The d-dimensional Hausdorff outer ...

Deciding whether a given Boolean formula in conjunctive normal form has an assignment that makes the formula "true." In 1971, Cook showed that the problem is NP-complete.

A diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements all contain the same scalar lambda. A scalar matrix is therefore equivalent to lambdaI, where I is the identity matrix.

Increasing a plane figure's linear dimensions by a scale factor s increases the perimeter p^'->sp and the area A^'->s^2A.

A topological space is second countable if it has a countable topological basis.

A fractional derivative of order 1/2. The semiderivative of t^lambda is given by D^(1/2)t^lambda=(t^(lambda-1/2)Gamma(lambda+1))/(Gamma(lambda+1/2)), so the semiderivative of ...

A method for constructing magic squares of odd order, also called de la Loubere's method.