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Because the Legendre polynomials form a complete orthogonal system over the interval [-1,1] with respect to the weighting function w(x)=1, any function f(x) may be expanded ...

Any symmetric polynomial (respectively, symmetric rational function) can be expressed as a polynomial (respectively, rational function) in the elementary symmetric ...

If and only if (i.e., necessary and sufficient). The terms "just if" or "exactly when" are sometimes used instead. A iff B is written symbolically as A<->B, A<=>B, A<->B, or ...

(1) or (2) The solutions are Jacobi polynomials P_n^((alpha,beta))(x) or, in terms of hypergeometric functions, as y(x)=C_1_2F_1(-n,n+1+alpha+beta,1+alpha,1/2(x-1)) ...

The operator tpartial/partialr that can be used to derive multivariate formulas for moments and cumulants from corresponding univariate formulas. For example, to derive the ...

Given a Taylor series f(x)=f(x_0)+(x-x_0)f^'(x_0)+((x-x_0)^2)/(2!)f^('')(x_0)+... +((x-x_0)^n)/(n!)f^((n))(x_0)+R_n, (1) the error R_n after n terms is given by ...

The longest increasing scattered subsequence is the longest subsequence of increasing terms, where intervening nonincreasing terms may be dropped. Finding the largest ...

Machin's formula is given by 1/4pi=4cot^(-1)5-cot^(-1)239. There are a whole class of Machin-like formulas with various numbers of terms (although only four such formulas ...

Formulas obtained from differentiating Newton's forward difference formula, where R_n^'=h^nf^((n+1))(xi)d/(dp)(p; n+1)+h^(n+1)(p; n+1)d/(dx)f^((n+1))(xi), (n; k) is a ...

The signature of a non-degenerate quadratic form Q=y_1^2+y_2^2+...+y_p^2-y_(p+1)^2-y_(p+2)^2-...-y_r^2 of rank r is most often defined to be the ordered pair (p,q)=(p,r-p) of ...