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An identity in calculus of variations discovered in 1868 by Beltrami. The Euler-Lagrange differential equation is (partialf)/(partialy)-d/(dx)((partialf)/(partialy_x))=0. (1) ...

A number given by the generating function (2t)/(e^t+1)=sum_(n=1)^inftyG_n(t^n)/(n!). (1) It satisfies G_1=1, G_3=G_5=G_7=...=0, and even coefficients are given by G_(2n) = ...

A topologically invariant property of a surface defined as the largest number of nonintersecting simple closed curves that can be drawn on the surface without separating it. ...

The Hadamard product is a representation for the Riemann zeta function zeta(s) as a product over its nontrivial zeros rho, ...

Flat polygons embedded in three-space can be transformed into a congruent planar polygon as follows. First, translate the starting vertex to (0, 0, 0) by subtracting it from ...

In Euclidean space R^3, the curve that minimizes the distance between two points is clearly a straight line segment. This can be shown mathematically as follows using ...

A polygonal diagonal is a line segment connecting two nonadjacent polygon vertices of a polygon. The number of ways a fixed convex n-gon can be divided into triangles by ...

Riddell's formula for unlabeled graphs is the Euler transform relating the number of unlabeled connected graphs on n nodes satisfying some property with the corresponding ...

The Yff hyperbola is the hyperbola given parametrically by (1) The trilinear equation is complicated expression with coefficients up to degree 10 in the side lengths. This ...

The constant e is base of the natural logarithm. e is sometimes known as Napier's constant, although its symbol (e) honors Euler. e is the unique number with the property ...