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Goldbach's original conjecture (sometimes called the "ternary" Goldbach conjecture), written in a June 7, 1742 letter to Euler, states "at least it seems that every number ...

The Dedekind psi-function is defined by the divisor product psi(n)=nproduct_(p|n)(1+1/p), (1) where the product is over the distinct prime factors of n, with the special case ...

B(x,y)=[x y; +/-ty +/-x]. (1) It satisfies B(x_1,y_1)B(x_2,y_2)=B(x_1x_2+/-ty_1y_2,x_1y_2+/-y_1x_2). (2) Powers of the matrix are defined by B^n = [x y; ty x]^n (3) = [x_n ...

Approximations to Khinchin's constant include K = -(ln85181832)/(tan8) (1) = 1/(29)sqrt(6065) (2) = 6-sqrt(ln59055) (3) = 18^(27/79), (4) which are correct to 9, 7, 6, and 5 ...

Polynomials s_n(x) which form the Sheffer sequence for f^(-1)(t)=1+t-e^t, (1) where f^(-1)(t) is the inverse function of f(t), and have generating function ...

The odd part Od(n) of a positive integer n is defined by Od(n)=n/(2^(b(n))), where b(n) is the exponent of the exact power of 2 dividing n. Od(n) is therefore the product of ...

A set of residues {a_1,a_2,...,a_(k+1)} (mod n) such that every nonzero residue can be uniquely expressed in the form a_i-a_j. Examples include {1,2,4} (mod 7) and {1,2,5,7} ...

A sequence in which no term divides any other. Let S_n be the set {1,...,n}, then the number of primitive subsets of S_n are 2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 17, 33, 45, 73, 103, 205, 253, ...

The base-20 notational system for representing real numbers. The digits used to represent numbers using vigesimal notation are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F, ...

Consider a symmetric triangle wave T(x) of period 2L. Since the function is odd, a_0 = 0 (1) a_n = 0, (2) and b_n = (3) = (32)/(pi^2n^2)cos(1/4npi)sin^3(1/4npi) (4) = ...