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In the technical combinatorial sense, an a-ary necklace of length n is a string of n characters, each of a possible types. Rotation is ignored, in the sense that b_1b_2...b_n ...

The nine-point center N (sometimes instead denoted F) is the center of the nine-point circle. It has equivalent triangle center functions alpha_5 = cos(B-C) (1) alpha_5 = ...

A nonhamiltonian graph is a graph that is not Hamiltonian. All disconnected graphs are therefore nonhamiltoinian, as are acylic graphs. Classes of connected graphs that are ...

A normalized form of the cumulative normal distribution function giving the probability that a variate assumes a value in the range [0,x], ...

For every dimension n>0, the orthogonal group O(n) is the group of n×n orthogonal matrices. These matrices form a group because they are closed under multiplication and ...

A parallelian is a line drawn parallel to one side of a triangle. The three lines drawn through a given point are known as the triangle's parallelians. There exists a unique ...

A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel (and therefore opposite angles equal). A quadrilateral with equal sides is called a rhombus, and a ...

Given a point P, the pedal triangle of P is the triangle whose polygon vertices are the feet of the perpendiculars from P to the side lines. The pedal triangle of a triangle ...

The Pell numbers are the numbers obtained by the U_ns in the Lucas sequence with P=2 and Q=-1. They correspond to the Pell polynomial P_n(x) and Fibonacci polynomial F_n(x) ...

The pentaflake is a fractal with 5-fold symmetry. As illustrated above, five pentagons can be arranged around an identical pentagon to form the first iteration of the ...