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On a Riemannian manifold M, tangent vectors can be moved along a path by parallel transport, which preserves vector addition and scalar multiplication. So a closed loop at a ...

The mean line segment length l^_ is the average length of a line segment in line segment picking within some given shape. As summarized in the following table (where Delta(3) ...

The angular twist theta of a shaft with given cross section is given by theta=(TL)/(KG) (1) (Roark 1954, p. 174), where T is the twisting moment (commonly measured in units ...

A pair of closed form functions (F,G) is said to be a Wilf-Zeilberger pair if F(n+1,k)-F(n,k)=G(n,k+1)-G(n,k). (1) The Wilf-Zeilberger formalism provides succinct proofs of ...

Calculus I

A generalization of the Lebesgue integral. A measurable function f(x) is called A-integrable over the closed interval [a,b] if m{x:|f(x)|>n}=O(n^(-1)), (1) where m is the ...

An Abelian differential is an analytic or meromorphic differential on a compact or closed Riemann surface.

The field F^_ is called an algebraic closure of F if F^_ is algebraic over F and if every polynomial f(x) in F[x] splits completely over F^_, so that F^_ can be said to ...

A solution to a problem that can be written in "closed form" in terms of known functions, constants, etc., is often called an analytic solution. Note that this use of the ...

Let K_1^n and K_2^n be disjoint bicollared knots in R^(n+1) or S^(n+1) and let U denote the open region between them. Then the closure of U is a closed annulus S^n×[0,1]. ...