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For a set of n numbers or values of a discrete distribution x_i, ..., x_n, the root-mean-square (abbreviated "RMS" and sometimes called the quadratic mean), is the square ...

The root separation (or zero separation) of a polynomial P(x) with roots r_1, r_2, ... is defined by Delta(P)=min_(i!=j)|r_i-r_j|. There are lower bounds on how close two ...

The nth roots of unity are roots e^(2piik/n) of the cyclotomic equation x^n=1, which are known as the de Moivre numbers. The notations zeta_k, epsilon_k, and epsilon_k, where ...

Rosser's rule states that every Gram block contains the expected number of roots, which appears to be true for computable Gram blocks. Rosser et al. (1969) expressed a belief ...

A rotor is a convex figure that can be rotated inside a polygon (or polyhedron) while always touching every side (or face). The least area rotor in a square is the Reuleaux ...

A polyhedron consisting of a n-gon, a parallel 2n-gon rotated a half-edge turn, and a band of paired triangles separated by pentagons. The only true member giving a ...

Given two functions f and g analytic in A with gamma a simple loop homotopic to a point in A, if |g(z)|<|f(z)| for all z on gamma, then f and f+g have the same number of ...

A rounded rectangle is the shape obtained by taking the convex hull of four equal circles of radius r and placing their centers at the four corners of a rectangle with side ...

If the sides of a triangle are divided in the ratios lambda:1, mu:1, and nu:1, the cevians form a central triangle whose area is ...

A row-convex polyomino is a self-avoiding convex polyomino such that the intersection of any horizontal line with the polyomino has at most two connected components. A ...