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By way of analogy with the usual tangent tanz=(sinz)/(cosz), (1) the hyperbolic tangent is defined as tanhz = (sinhz)/(coshz) (2) = (e^z-e^(-z))/(e^z+e^(-z)) (3) = ...

One of the most useful tools in nonstandard analysis is the concept of a hyperfinite set. To understand a hyperfinite set, begin with an arbitrary infinite set X whose ...

Let there be n ways for a "good" selection and m ways for a "bad" selection out of a total of n+m possibilities. Take N samples and let x_i equal 1 if selection i is ...

The hypersine (n-dimensional sine function) is a function of a vertex angle of an n-dimensional parallelotope or simplex. If the content of the parallelotope is P and the ...

A graph G is a hypotraceable graph if G has no Hamiltonian path (i.e., it is not a traceable graph), but G-v has a Hamiltonian path (i.e., is a traceable graph) for every v ...

"The" I graph is the path graph on two vertices: P_2. An I-graph I(n,j,k) for 1<=j,k<n and j,k!=n/2 is a generalization of a generalized Petersen graph and has vertex set ...

Applying the stellation process to the icosahedron gives 20+30+60+20+60+120+12+30+60+60 cells of 11 different shapes and sizes (including the icosahedron itself). The ...

An idoneal number, also called a suitable number or convenient number, is a positive integer D for which the fact that a number is a monomorph (i.e., is expressible in only ...

In the early 1950s, Ernst Straus asked 1. Is every region illuminable from every point in the region? 2. Is every region illuminable from at least one point in the region? ...

An illusion is an object or drawing which appears to have properties which are physically impossible, deceptive, or counterintuitive. Kitaoka maintains a web page of ...