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The café wall illusion, sometimes also called the Münsterberg illusion (Ashton Raggatt McDougall 2006), is an optical illusion produced by a black and white rectangular ...

A weakly binary tree is a planted tree in which all nonroot graph vertices are adjacent to at most three graph vertices. Let g(z)=sum_(i=0)^inftyg_iz^i, (1) be the generating ...

The binomial coefficient (n; k) is the number of ways of picking k unordered outcomes from n possibilities, also known as a combination or combinatorial number. The symbols ...

The Lorenz attractor is an attractor that arises in a simplified system of equations describing the two-dimensional flow of fluid of uniform depth H, with an imposed ...

Take x itself to be a bracketing, then recursively define a bracketing as a sequence B=(B_1,...,B_k) where k>=2 and each B_i is a bracketing. A bracketing can be represented ...

_3F_2[n,-x,-y; x+n+1,y+n+1] =Gamma(x+n+1)Gamma(y+n+1)Gamma(1/2n+1)Gamma(x+y+1/2n+1) ×Gamma(n+1)Gamma(x+y+n+1)Gamma(x+1/2n+1)Gamma(y+1/2n+1), (1) where _3F_2(a,b,c;d,e;z) is a ...

An intrinsic property of a mathematical object which causes it to remain invariant under certain classes of transformations (such as rotation, reflection, inversion, or more ...

Let Pi be a permutation of n elements, and let alpha_i be the number of permutation cycles of length i in this permutation. Picking Pi at random, it turns out that ...

A primality test is a test to determine whether or not a given number is prime, as opposed to actually decomposing the number into its constituent prime factors (which is ...

An algorithm similar to Neville's algorithm for constructing the Lagrange interpolating polynomial. Let f(x|x_0,x_1,...,x_k) be the unique polynomial of kth polynomial order ...