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Let Delta denote an integral convex polytope of dimension n in a lattice M, and let l_Delta(k) denote the number of lattice points in Delta dilated by a factor of the integer ...

In geometry, the term "enlargement" is a synonym for expansion. In nonstandard analysis, let X be a set of urelements, and let V(X) be the superstructure with individuals in ...

The conjecture that there are only finitely many triples of relatively prime integer powers x^p, y^q, z^r for which x^p+y^q=z^r (1) with 1/p+1/q+1/r<1. (2) Darmon and Merel ...

Given a number n, Fermat's factorization methods look for integers x and y such that n=x^2-y^2. Then n=(x-y)(x+y) (1) and n is factored. A modified form of this observation ...

The second blackboard problem in the 1997 film Good Will Hunting asks for all the series-reduced trees (referred to by the alternate term "homeomorphically irreducible trees" ...

A number n for which the harmonic mean of the divisors of n, i.e., nd(n)/sigma(n), is an integer, where d(n)=sigma_0(n) is the number of positive integer divisors of n and ...

An important result in valuation theory which gives information on finding roots of polynomials. Hensel's lemma is formally stated as follows. Let (K,|·|) be a complete ...

The complexity c_n of an integer n is the least number of 1s needed to represent it using only additions, multiplications, and parentheses. For example, the numbers 1 through ...

The number of different triangles which have integer side lengths and perimeter n is T(n) = P(n,3)-sum_(1<=j<=|_n/2_|)P(j,2) (1) = [(n^2)/(12)]-|_n/4_||_(n+2)/4_| (2) = ...

A Kirkman triple system of order v=6n+3 is a Steiner triple system with parallelism (Ball and Coxeter 1987), i.e., one with the following additional stipulation: the set of ...