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The axiom of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory which asserts the existence for any sets a and b of a set x having a and b as its only elements. x is called the unordered pair of a ...

A method of solving combinatorial problems by means of an algorithm which is allowed to run forward until a dead end is reached, at which point previous steps are retraced ...

A number n is called a barrier of a number-theoretic function f(m) if, for all m<n, m+f(m)<=n. Neither the totient function phi(n) nor the divisor function sigma(n) has a ...

The batman curve is a piecewise curve in the shape of the logo of the Batman superhero originally posted on reddit.com on Jul. 28, 2011. It can written as two functions, one ...

A number defined by b_n=b_n(0), where b_n(x) is a Bernoulli polynomial of the second kind (Roman 1984, p. 294), also called Cauchy numbers of the first kind. The first few ...

A series of the form sum_(n=0)^inftya_nJ_(nu+n)(z), (1) where nu is a real and J_(nu+n)(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind. Special cases are ...

In floating-point arithmetic, a biased exponent is the result of adding some constant (called the bias) to the exponent chosen to make the range of the exponent nonnegative. ...

Bicentric perspective is the study of the projection of 3D space from a pair of fiducial points instead of a single one, the latter of which may be called "centric" or ...

A two-sided (doubly infinite) Z-Transform, Z^((2))[{a_n}_(n=-infty)^infty](z)=sum_(n=-infty)^infty(a_n)/(z^n) (Zwillinger 1996; Krantz 1999, p. 214). The bilateral transform ...

An operator defined on a set S which takes two elements from S as inputs and returns a single element of S. Binary operators are called compositions by Rosenfeld (1968). Sets ...