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A rational number is a number that can be expressed as a fraction p/q where p and q are integers and q!=0. A rational number p/q is said to have numerator p and denominator ...

A group G is a finite or infinite set of elements together with a binary operation (called the group operation) that together satisfy the four fundamental properties of ...

A k-matching in a graph G is a set of k edges, no two of which have a vertex in common (i.e., an independent edge set of size k). Let Phi_k be the number of k-matchings of ...

Every "large" even number may be written as 2n=p+m where p is a prime and m in P union P_2 is the set of primes P and semiprimes P_2.

A level set in two dimensions. Phase curves are sometimes also known as level curves (Tabor 1989, p. 14).

Any set of n+2 points in R^n can always be partitioned in two subsets V_1 and V_2 such that the convex hulls of V_1 and V_2 intersect.

The second Zagreb index for a graph with vertex count n and vertex degrees d_i for i=1, ..., n is defined by Z_2=sum_((i,j) in E(G))d_id_j, where E(G) is the edge set of G.

The modification of a set of data to make it smooth and nearly continuous and remove or diminish outlying points.

A spatial point process is a point process which models data that is localized at a discrete set of locations in space or, more specifically, on a plane.

The discrete uniform distribution is also known as the "equally likely outcomes" distribution. Letting a set S have N elements, each of them having the same probability, then ...