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An element a of a ring which is nonzero, not a unit, and whose only divisors are the trivial ones (i.e., the units and the products ua, where u is a unit). Equivalently, an ...

An irreducible fraction is a fraction p/q for which GCD(p,q)=1, i.e., p and q are relatively prime. For example, in the complex plane, (4+7i)/(2+i)=3+2i is reducible, while ...

The Jacobsthal polynomials are the w-polynomials obtained by setting p(x)=1 and q(x)=2x in the Lucas polynomial sequence. The first few Jacobsthal-Lucas polynomials are ...

Let V!=(0) be a finite dimensional vector space over the complex numbers, and let A be a linear operator on V. Then V can be expressed as a direct sum of cyclic subspaces.

The throwing and catching of multiple objects such that at least one is always in the air. Some aspects of juggling turn out to be quite mathematical. The best examples are ...

A double rhomboid linkage which gives rectilinear motion from circular without an inversion.

The knot curve is a quartic curve with implicit Cartesian equation (x^2-1)^2=y^2(3+2y). (1) The x- and y-intercepts are (0,-1), (0,1/2), and (+/-1,0). It has horizontal ...

n divides a^n-a for all integers a iff n is squarefree and (p-1)|(n-1) for all prime divisors p of n. Carmichael numbers satisfy this criterion.

Numbers 1, alpha_1, ..., alpha_L are rationally independent iff under the action of rotation rho_(alpha_1)×...×rho_(alpha_L) on the L-dimensional torus, every orbit is ...

The numbers B_(n,k)(1!,2!,3!,...)=(n-1; k-1)(n!)/(k!), where B_(n,k) is a Bell polynomial.