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Define a = d(u,v)d(w,x) (1) b = d(u,w)d(v,x) (2) c = d(u,x)d(v,w), (3) where u, v, w, and x are vertices of a graph and d(i,j) is the graph distance between vertices i and j. ...

The "witch of Agnesi" is a curve studied by Maria Agnesi in 1748 in her book Instituzioni analitiche ad uso della gioventù italiana (the first surviving mathematical work ...

The ampersand curve is the name given by Cundy and Rowlett (1989, p. 72) to the quartic curve with implicit equation (y^2-x^2)(x-1)(2x-3)=4(x^2+y^2-2x)^2. (1) Although it is ...

An augmented matrix is a matrix obtained by adjoining a row or column vector, or sometimes another matrix with the same vertical dimension. The most common use of an ...

A bar (also called an overbar) is a horizontal line written above a mathematical symbol to give it some special meaning. If the bar is placed over a single symbol, as in x^_ ...

A column-convex self-avoiding polygon which contains the bottom edge of its minimal bounding rectangle. The anisotropic perimeter and area generating function ...

The quartic curve given by the implicit equation (x^2-a^2)(x-a)^2+(y^2-a^2)^2=0, (1) so-named because of its resemblance to a tooth. The bicuspid curve has cusps at (a,-a) ...

As defined by Kyrmse, a canonical polygon is a closed polygon whose vertices lie on a point lattice and whose edges consist of vertical and horizontal steps of unit length or ...

The functions describing the horizontal and vertical positions of a point on a circle as a function of angle (cosine and sine) and those functions derived from them: cotx = ...

A number n such that the "LED representation" of n (i.e., the arrangement of horizonal and vertical lines seen on a digital clock or pocket calculator), n upside down, n in a ...