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The unlink, also called the trivial link, of n components consist of n disjoint circles in a plane (Rolfsen 1976, p. 65).

For n points in the plane, there are at least N_1=sqrt(n-3/4)-1/2 different distances. The minimum distance can occur only <=3n-6 times, and the maximum distance can occur ...

Let H be a Hilbert space and M a closed subspace of H. Corresponding to any vector x in H, there is a unique vector m_0 in M such that |x-m_0|<=|x-m| for all m in M. ...

The (upper) clique number of a graph G, denoted omega(G), is the number of vertices in a maximum clique of G. Equivalently, it is the size of a largest clique or maximal ...

Let the divisor function d(n) be the number of divisors of n (including n itself). For a prime p, d(p)=2. In general, sum_(k=1)^nd(k)=nlnn+(2gamma-1)n+O(n^theta), where gamma ...

A sum is the result of an addition. For example, adding 1, 2, 3, and 4 gives the sum 10, written 1+2+3+4=10. (1) The numbers being summed are called addends, or sometimes ...

An oval is a curve resembling a squashed circle but, unlike the ellipse, without a precise mathematical definition. The word oval derived from the Latin word "ovus" for egg. ...

A cylindrical wedge, also called a cylindrical hoof or cylindrical ungula, is a wedge cut from a cylinder by slicing with a plane that intersects the base of the cylinder. ...

In the plane, if a line intersects one side of a triangle and misses the three vertices, then it must intersect one of the other two sides. This is a special case of the ...

A plane figure consisting of four points, each of which is joined to two other points by a line segment (where the line segments may intersect). A quadrangle may therefore be ...