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The ith Stiefel-Whitney class of a real vector bundle (or tangent bundle or a real manifold) is in the ith cohomology group of the base space involved. It is an obstruction ...

A subset of an algebraic variety which is itself a variety. Every variety is a subvariety of itself; other subvarieties are called proper subvarieties. A sphere of the ...

In the tabu search category of meta-heuristics, the essential idea is to 'forbid' search moves to points already visited in the (usually discrete) search space, at least for ...

A tetrahedral ring is a term given in this work to a set of n regular tetrahedra joined face-to-face sharing a common edge (with internal conjoined faces removed). These ...

A characterization of normal spaces with respect to the definition given by Kelley (1955, p. 112) or Willard (1970, p. 99). It states that the topological space X is normal ...

Over a small neighborhood U of a manifold, a vector bundle is spanned by the local sections defined on U. For example, in a coordinate chart U with coordinates (x_1,...,x_n), ...

A tube of radius r of a set gamma is the set of points at a distance r from gamma. In particular, if gamma(t) is a regular space curve whose curvature does not vanish, then ...

A group representation of a group G on a vector space V can be restricted to a subgroup H. For example, the symmetric group on three letters has a representation phi on R^2 ...

Connecting the centers of touching spheres in a three-dimensional Apollonian gasket by edges given a graph known as the Apollonian network. This process is illustrated above ...

An error-correcting code is an algorithm for expressing a sequence of numbers such that any errors which are introduced can be detected and corrected (within certain ...