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A class of curve defined at integer values which hops from one value to another. Their name derives from the Greek word betaalphataurhoalphachiiotaomicronnu batrachion, which ...

Bessel's correction is the factor (N-1)/N in the relationship between the variance sigma and the expectation values of the sample variance, <s^2>=(N-1)/Nsigma^2, (1) where ...

The symbol O(x), pronounced "big-O of x," is one of the Landau symbols and is used to symbolically express the asymptotic behavior of a given function. In particular, if n is ...

A two-sided (doubly infinite) Z-Transform, Z^((2))[{a_n}_(n=-infty)^infty](z)=sum_(n=-infty)^infty(a_n)/(z^n) (Zwillinger 1996; Krantz 1999, p. 214). The bilateral transform ...

A binary quadratic form is a quadratic form in two variables having the form Q(x,y)=ax^2+2bxy+cy^2, (1) commonly denoted <a,b,c>. Consider a binary quadratic form with real ...

Birthday attacks are a class of brute-force techniques used in an attempt to solve a class of cryptographic hash function problems. These methods take advantage of functions ...

A bitwin chain of length one consists of two pairs of twin primes with the property that they are related by being of the form: (n-1,n+1) and (2n-1,2n+1). (1) The first few ...

Let the values of a function f(x) be tabulated at points x_i equally spaced by h=x_(i+1)-x_i, so f_1=f(x_1), f_2=f(x_2), ..., f_5=f(x_5). Then Boole's rule approximating the ...

A quadrilateral whose consecutive sides have the lengths a_1b_3, a_3b_2, a_2b_3, a_3b_1, where a_1^2+a_2^2=a_3^2 (1) and b_1^2+b_2^2=b_3^2. (2) Brahmagupta's trapezium is a ...

The second part of Pollard rho factorization method concerns detection of the fact that a sequence has become periodic. Pollard's original suggestion was to use the idea ...