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The best known example of an Anosov diffeomorphism. It is given by the transformation [x_(n+1); y_(n+1)]=[1 1; 1 2][x_n; y_n], (1) where x_(n+1) and y_(n+1) are computed mod ...

In simple terms, let x, y, and z be members of an algebra. Then the algebra is said to be associative if x·(y·z)=(x·y)·z, (1) where · denotes multiplication. More formally, ...

Using a Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind T(x), define c_j = 2/Nsum_(k=1)^(N)f(x_k)T_j(x_k) (1) = 2/Nsum_(k=1)^(N)f[cos{(pi(k-1/2))/N}]cos{(pij(k-1/2))/N}. (2) Then f(x) ...

The Kauffman X-polynomial, also called the normalized bracket polynomial, is a 1-variable knot polynomial denoted X (Adams 1994, p. 153), L (Kauffman 1991, p. 33), or F ...

The number (10^(666))!, where 666 is the beast number and n! denotes a factorial. The number has approximately 6.656×10^(668) decimal digits. The number of trailing zeros in ...

In elementary geometry, orthogonal is the same as perpendicular. Two lines or curves are orthogonal if they are perpendicular at their point of intersection. Two vectors v ...

An integer N which is a product of distinct primes and which satisfies 1/N+sum_(p|N)1/p=1 (Butske et al. 1999). The first few are 2, 6, 42, 1806, 47058, ... (OEIS A054377). ...

A projection is the transformation of points and lines in one plane onto another plane by connecting corresponding points on the two planes with parallel lines. This can be ...

A typical vector (i.e., a vector such as the radius vector r) is transformed to its negative under inversion of its coordinate axes. Such "proper" vectors are known as polar ...

The contraction of a tensor is obtained by setting unlike indices equal and summing according to the Einstein summation convention. Contraction reduces the tensor rank by 2. ...