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The golden ratio, also known as the divine proportion, golden mean, or golden section, is a number often encountered when taking the ratios of distances in simple geometric ...

The Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind are a set of orthogonal polynomials defined as the solutions to the Chebyshev differential equation and denoted T_n(x). They are ...

Machin-like formulas have the form mcot^(-1)u+ncot^(-1)v=1/4kpi, (1) where u, v, and k are positive integers and m and n are nonnegative integers. Some such formulas can be ...

A series is an infinite ordered set of terms combined together by the addition operator. The term "infinite series" is sometimes used to emphasize the fact that series ...

The arithmetic mean of a set of values is the quantity commonly called "the" mean or the average. Given a set of samples {x_i}, the arithmetic mean is x^_=1/Nsum_(i=1)^Nx_i. ...

The least common multiple of two numbers a and b, variously denoted LCM(a,b) (this work; Zwillinger 1996, p. 91; Råde and Westergren 2004, p. 54), lcm(a,b) (Gellert et al. ...

Let lambda_(m,n) be Chebyshev constants. Schönhage (1973) proved that lim_(n->infty)(lambda_(0,n))^(1/n)=1/3. (1) It was conjectured that the number ...

A statistical distribution published by William Gosset in 1908. His employer, Guinness Breweries, required him to publish under a pseudonym, so he chose "Student." Given N ...

There are two problems commonly known as the subset sum problem. The first ("given sum problem") is the problem of finding what subset of a list of integers has a given sum, ...

Given a reference triangle DeltaABC, the trilinear coordinates of a point P with respect to DeltaABC are an ordered triple of numbers, each of which is proportional to the ...