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Consider the average length of a line segment determined by two points picked at random in the interior of an arbitrary triangle Delta(a,b,c) with side lengths a, b, and c. ...

The triangular graph T_n=L(K_n) is the line graph of the complete graph K_n (Brualdi and Ryser 1991, p. 152). The vertices of T_n may be identified with the 2-subsets of ...

The tribonacci numbers are a generalization of the Fibonacci numbers defined by T_1=1, T_2=1, T_3=2, and the recurrence equation T_n=T_(n-1)+T_(n-2)+T_(n-3) (1) for n>=4 ...

The study of angles and of the angular relationships of planar and three-dimensional figures is known as trigonometry. The trigonometric functions (also called the circular ...

A Turing machine is a theoretical computing machine invented by Alan Turing (1937) to serve as an idealized model for mathematical calculation. A Turing machine consists of a ...

The smallest number of times u(K) a knot K must be passed through itself to untie it. Lower bounds can be computed using relatively straightforward techniques, but it is in ...

There are many unsolved problems in mathematics. Some prominent outstanding unsolved problems (as well as some which are not necessarily so well known) include 1. The ...

A vector is formally defined as an element of a vector space. In the commonly encountered vector space R^n (i.e., Euclidean n-space), a vector is given by n coordinates and ...

Pre-Algebra

A p-adic number is an extension of the field of rationals such that congruences modulo powers of a fixed prime p are related to proximity in the so called "p-adic metric." ...