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The study of angles and of the angular relationships of planar and three-dimensional figures is known as trigonometry. The trigonometric functions (also called the circular ...

A Turing machine which, by appropriate programming using a finite length of input tape, can act as any Turing machine whatsoever. In his seminal paper, Turing himself gave ...

Pre-Algebra

The nth k-statistic k_n is the unique symmetric unbiased estimator of the cumulant kappa_n of a given statistical distribution, i.e., k_n is defined so that <k_n>=kappa_n, ...

A p-adic number is an extension of the field of rationals such that congruences modulo powers of a fixed prime p are related to proximity in the so called "p-adic metric." ...

A graph is said to be regular of degree r if all local degrees are the same number r. A 0-regular graph is an empty graph, a 1-regular graph consists of disconnected edges, ...

Zeros of the Riemann zeta function zeta(s) come in two different types. So-called "trivial zeros" occur at all negative even integers s=-2, -4, -6, ..., and "nontrivial ...

The angles mpi/n (with m,n integers) for which the trigonometric functions may be expressed in terms of finite root extraction of real numbers are limited to values of m ...

A square number, also called a perfect square, is a figurate number of the form S_n=n^2, where n is an integer. The square numbers for n=0, 1, ... are 0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, ...

The associated Legendre polynomials P_l^m(x) and P_l^(-m)(x) generalize the Legendre polynomials P_l(x) and are solutions to the associated Legendre differential equation, ...