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A characterization of normal spaces with respect to the definition given by Kelley (1955, p. 112) or Willard (1970, p. 99). It states that the topological space X is normal ...

The triangular grid graph T_n is the lattice graph obtained by interpreting the order-(n+1) triangular grid as a graph, with the intersection of grid lines being the vertices ...

A trochoid is the locus of a point at a distance b from the center of a circle of radius a rolling on a fixed line. A trochoid has parametric equations x = aphi-bsinphi (1) y ...

The vertex figure at a vertex V of a polygon is the line segment joining the midpoints of the two adjacent sides meeting at V. For a regular n-gon with side length a, the ...

A surface which can be interpreted as a self-intersecting rectangle in three dimensions. The Whitney umbrella is the only stable singularity of mappings from R^2 to R^3. It ...

A convex polyomino (sometimes called a "convex polygon") is a polyomino whose perimeter is equal to that of its minimal bounding box (Bousquet-Mélou et al. 1999). ...

An automorphic graph is a distance-transitive graph Gamma for which the automorphism group Aut(Gamma) acts primitively on the vertices of Gamma and is not a complete graph or ...

A box-and-whisker plot (sometimes called simply a box plot) is a histogram-like method of displaying data, invented by J. Tukey. To create a box-and-whisker plot, draw a box ...

The subset B of the Euclidean plane formed by the union of the interval [0,1] of the x-axis and all line segments of unit length passing through the origin which form an ...

Cauchy's integral formula states that f(z_0)=1/(2pii)∮_gamma(f(z)dz)/(z-z_0), (1) where the integral is a contour integral along the contour gamma enclosing the point z_0. It ...