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The bend of a circle C mutually tangent to three other circles is defined as the signed curvature of C. If the contacts are all external, the signs of the bends of all four ...

Given positive numbers s_a, s_b, and s_c, the Elkies point is the unique point Y in the interior of a triangle DeltaABC such that the respective inradii r_a, r_b, r_c of the ...

A quantity which is either 0 (zero) or negative, i.e., <=0.

The Paley class of a positive integer m=0 (mod 4) is defined as the set of all possible quadruples (k,e,q,n) where m=2^e(q^n+1), (1) q is an odd prime, and k={0 if q=0; 1 if ...

A plane partition is a two-dimensional array of integers n_(i,j) that are nonincreasing both from left to right and top to bottom and that add up to a given number n. In ...

The dual vector space to a real vector space V is the vector space of linear functions f:V->R, denoted V^*. In the dual of a complex vector space, the linear functions take ...

The Janko-Kharaghani-Tonchev graph is a strongly regular graph on 324 vertices and 24786 edges. It has regular parameters (nu,k,lambda,mu)=(324,153,72,72). It is implemented ...

In elementary geometry, orthogonal is the same as perpendicular. Two lines or curves are orthogonal if they are perpendicular at their point of intersection. Two vectors v ...

An integral of the form intf(z)dz, (1) i.e., without upper and lower limits, also called an antiderivative. The first fundamental theorem of calculus allows definite ...

A class of complete orientable minimal surfaces of R^3 derived from Enneper's minimal surface. They are named for the mathematicians who found the first two examples in 1982. ...