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The conjugate gradient method is an algorithm for finding the nearest local minimum of a function of n variables which presupposes that the gradient of the function can be ...

A group G is a finite or infinite set of elements together with a binary operation (called the group operation) that together satisfy the four fundamental properties of ...

The Paley graph of order q with q a prime power is a graph on q nodes with two nodes adjacent if their difference is a square in the finite field GF(q). This graph is ...

The word polyhedron has slightly different meanings in geometry and algebraic geometry. In geometry, a polyhedron is simply a three-dimensional solid which consists of a ...

The m×n rook graph (confusingly called the m×n grid by Brouwer et al. 1989, p. 440) and also sometimes known as a lattice graph (e.g., Brouwer) is the graph Cartesian product ...

Cubic symmetric graphs are sometimes called Foster graphs and denoted F_(nnn)X, where nnn is the vertex count and X is a letter A, B, C, ... indicating the particular such ...

A convex set K is centro-symmetric, sometimes also called centrally symmetric, if it has a center p that bisects every chord of K through p.

The identities between the symmetric polynomials Pi_k(x_1,...,x_n) and the sums of kth powers of their variables S_k(x_1,...,x_n)=sum_(j=1)^nx_j^k. (1) The identities are ...

Symmetric points are preserved under a Möbius transformation. The Schwarz reflection principle is sometimes called the symmetry principle (Needham 2000, p. 252).

Generalizing from a straight line (i.e., first degree polynomial) to a kth degree polynomial y=a_0+a_1x+...+a_kx^k, (1) the residual is given by ...