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A straight line is tangent to a given curve f(x) at a point x_0 on the curve if the line passes through the point (x_0,f(x_0)) on the curve and has slope f^'(x_0), where ...

For a plane curve, the tangential angle phi is defined by rhodphi=ds, (1) where s is the arc length and rho is the radius of curvature. The tangential angle is therefore ...

A tube of radius r of a set gamma is the set of points at a distance r from gamma. In particular, if gamma(t) is a regular space curve whose curvature does not vanish, then ...

An invariant of an elliptic curve given in the form y^2=x^3+ax+b which is closely related to the elliptic discriminant and defined by j(E)=(2^83^3a^3)/(4a^3+27b^2). The ...

Consider the plane quartic curve X defined by x^3y+y^3z+z^3x=0, where homogeneous coordinates have been used here so that z can be considered a parameter (the plot above ...

An ordinary double point of a plane curve is point where a curve intersects itself such that two branches of the curve have distinct tangent lines. Ordinary double points of ...

A curve of constant width constructed by drawing arcs from each polygon vertex of an equilateral triangle between the other two vertices. The Reuleaux triangle has the ...

Algebraic geometry is the study of geometries that come from algebra, in particular, from rings. In classical algebraic geometry, the algebra is the ring of polynomials, and ...

A recursive primality certificate for a prime p. The certificate consists of a list of 1. A point on an elliptic curve C y^2=x^3+g_2x+g_3 (mod p) for some numbers g_2 and ...

An equation representing a locus L in the n-dimensional Euclidean space. It has the form L:f(x_1,...,x_n)=0, (1) where the left-hand side is some expression of the Cartesian ...