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A square number, also called a perfect square, is a figurate number of the form S_n=n^2, where n is an integer. The square numbers for n=0, 1, ... are 0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, ...

The finite group C_2×C_2 is one of the two distinct groups of group order 4. The name of this group derives from the fact that it is a group direct product of two C_2 ...

An ideal is a subset I of elements in a ring R that forms an additive group and has the property that, whenever x belongs to R and y belongs to I, then xy and yx belong to I. ...

The hypercube is a generalization of a 3-cube to n dimensions, also called an n-cube or measure polytope. It is a regular polytope with mutually perpendicular sides, and is ...

An algorithm is a specific set of instructions for carrying out a procedure or solving a problem, usually with the requirement that the procedure terminate at some point. ...

The simplex method is a method for solving problems in linear programming. This method, invented by George Dantzig in 1947, tests adjacent vertices of the feasible set (which ...

The numbers of positive definite n×n matrices of given types are summarized in the following table. For example, the three positive eigenvalues 2×2 (0,1)-matrices are [1 0; 0 ...

The covariant derivative of the Riemann tensor is given by (1) Permuting nu, kappa, and eta (Weinberg 1972, pp. 146-147) gives the Bianchi identities ...

The group C_2 is the unique group of group order 2. C_2 is both Abelian and cyclic. Examples include the point groups C_s, C_i, and C_2, the integers modulo 2 under addition ...

The endodocehedron, also called the concave pyrohedral dodecahedron, is the concave solid corresponding to the interior void formed when each face of a regular dodecahedron ...