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In number theory (e.g., Ivić 2003), the symbol log_kx is commonly used to mean the nested logarithm (also called the repeated logarithm or iterated logarithm) ...

A proof which indirectly shows a mathematical object exists without providing a specific example or algorithm for producing an example. Nonconstructive proofs are also called ...

A nondeterministic Turing machine is a "parallel" Turing machine that can take many computational paths simultaneously, with the restriction that the parallel Turing machines ...

An odd permutation is a permutation obtainable from an odd number of two-element swaps, i.e., a permutation with permutation symbol equal to -1. For initial set {1,2,3,4}, ...

The ordinary Onsager equation is the sixth-order ordinary differential equation (d^3)/(dx^3)[e^x(d^2)/(dx^2)(e^x(dy)/(dx))]=f(x) (Vicelli 1983; Zwillinger 1997, p. 128), ...

The placement of objects so that they touch in some specified manner, often inside a container with specified properties. For example, one could consider a sphere packing, ...

A fraction containing each of the digits 1 through 9 is called a pandigital fraction. The following table gives the number of pandigital fractions which represent simple unit ...

The golden ratio phi can be written in terms of a nested radical in the beautiful form phi=sqrt(1+sqrt(1+sqrt(1+sqrt(1+...)))), (1) which can be written recursively as ...

In a normal n×n Latin square, the entries in each row and column are chosen from a "global" set of n objects. Like a Latin square, a partial Latin square has no two rows or ...

According to G. Pólya, the method of finding geometric objects by intersection. 1. For example, the centers of all circles tangent to a straight line s at a given point P lie ...