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A prime factorization algorithm which uses residues produced in the continued fraction of sqrt(mN) for some suitably chosen m to obtain a square number. The algorithm solves ...

Sudoku (literally, "single number"), sometimes also is a pencil-and-paper logic puzzle whose goal is to complete a grid satisfying various constraints. In the "classic" ...

Various forms of opening and closing bracket-like delimiters are used for a number of distinct notational purposes in mathematics. The most common variants of bracket ...

A square-shaped neighborhood that can be used to define a set of cells surrounding a given cell (x_0,y_0) that may affect the evolution of a two-dimensional cellular ...

A knot K in S^3=partialD^4 is a slice knot if it bounds a disk Delta^2 in D^4 which has a tubular neighborhood Delta^2×D^2 whose intersection with S^3 is a tubular ...

A completely positive matrix is a real n×n square matrix A=(a_(ij)) that can be factorized as A=BB^(T), where B^(T) stands for the transpose of B and B is any (not ...

A "square" word consists of two identical adjacent subwords (for example, acbacb). A squarefree word contains no square words as subwords (for example, abcacbabcb). The only ...

A pyramidal frustum is a frustum made by chopping the top off a pyramid. It is a special case of a prismatoid. For a right pyramidal frustum, let s be the slant height, h the ...

An enneahedron, also called a nonahedron, is a nine-faced polyhedron. The term "enneahedron" is generally preferred over "nonahedron" since while the former combines the ...

A pentagonal pyramid is pyramid having a pentagonal base. The edge length e and slant height s of a pentagonal pyramid with regular base of side length a are given by e = ...