The Moore neighborhood is a square-shaped collection of cells surrounding and including a given cell 
on an integer lattice. It can specify which cells
affect the evolution of a two-dimensional cellular
automaton on a square grid. For a nonnegative
integer range 
,
it is defined by
 |
Moore neighborhoods for ranges 
, 1, 2, and 3 are illustrated above. The number of cells
in the Moore neighborhood of range 
is the odd square number 
, the first few of which are 1,
9, 25, 49, 81, ... (OEIS A016754).
