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A sequence {a_1,a_2,a_3,...} fulfils a given property eventually if it fulfils it from some point onward, or, more precisely, if the property is fulfilled by the subsequence ...

The mathematical golden rule states that, for any fraction, both numerator and denominator may be multiplied by the same number without changing the fraction's value.

The greatest dividing exponent gde(n,b) of a base b with respect to a number n is the largest integer value of k such that b^k|n, where b^k<=n. It is implemented as the ...

The ring of integers of a number field K, denoted O_K, is the set of algebraic integers in K, which is a ring of dimension d over Z, where d is the extension degree of K over ...

The operation of subtraction, i.e., a minus b. The operation is denoted a-b. The minus sign "-" is also used to denote a negative number, i.e., -x.

The unit fraction 1/4, also called one-fourth. 1/4 is a rational number with terminating decimal expansion 0.25.

The sequence {F_n-1} is complete even if restricted to subsequences which contain no two consecutive terms, where F_n is a Fibonacci number.

A piecewise linear function is a function composed of some number of linear segments defined over an equal number of intervals, usually of equal size. For example, consider ...

The totient function phi(n), also called Euler's totient function, is defined as the number of positive integers <=n that are relatively prime to (i.e., do not contain any ...

A method of determining the maximum number of positive and negative real roots of a polynomial. For positive roots, start with the sign of the coefficient of the lowest (or ...