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The Balaban 10-cage is one of the three (3,10)-cage graphs (Read and Wilson 1998, p. 272). The Balaban (3,10)-cage was the first known example of a 10-cage (Balaban 1973, ...

The Balaban 11-cage is the unique 11-cage graph, derived via a tree excision from the 12-cage graph by Balaban (1973) and proven unique by McKay and Myrvold in 2003. It is ...

An (n,k)-banana tree, as defined by Chen et al. (1997), is a graph obtained by connecting one leaf of each of n copies of an k-star graph with a single root vertex that is ...

The first (called the "Blanuša double" by Orbanić et al. 2004) and second (called the "Blanuša snark" by Orbanić et al. 2004) Blanuša snarks were the second and third snarks ...

A branch cut is a curve (with ends possibly open, closed, or half-open) in the complex plane across which an analytic multivalued function is discontinuous. For convenience, ...

The bull graph is a simple graph on 5 nodes and 5 edges whose name derives from its resemblance to a schematic illustration of a bull or ram (whose face is the triangle and ...

"The" butterfly graph is a name sometimes given to the 5-vertex graph illustrated above. This graph is also known as the "bowtie graph" (West 2000, p. 12) and is the ...

The curve a hanging flexible wire or chain assumes when supported at its ends and acted upon by a uniform gravitational force. The word catenary is derived from the Latin ...

The n-centipede graph, n-centipede tree, n-comb graph (Seoud and Youssef 2017), or simply "n-centipede," is the tree on 2n nodes obtained by joining the bottoms of n copies ...

A finite group G has a finite number of conjugacy classes and a finite number of distinct irreducible representations. The group character of a group representation is ...