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Augmentation is the dual operation of truncation which replaces the faces of a polyhedron with pyramids of height h (where h may be positive, zero, or negative) having the ...

A prime gap of length n is a run of n-1 consecutive composite numbers between two successive primes. Therefore, the difference between two successive primes p_k and p_(k+1) ...

A portion of a disk whose upper boundary is a (circular) arc and whose lower boundary is a chord making a central angle theta<pi radians (180 degrees), illustrated above as ...

In general, the word "complement" refers to that subset F^' of some set S which excludes a given subset F. Taking F and its complement F^' together then gives the whole of ...

A curve with polar coordinates, r=b+asectheta (1) studied by the Greek mathematician Nicomedes in about 200 BC, also known as the cochloid. It is the locus of points a fixed ...

The Neuberg A_1-circle is the locus of the polygon vertex A_1 of a triangle on a given base A_2A_3 and with a given Brocard angle omega. From the center N_1, the base A_2A_3 ...

When discussing a rotation, there are two possible conventions: rotation of the axes, and rotation of the object relative to fixed axes. In R^2, consider the matrix that ...

The tractrix arises in the following problem posed to Leibniz: What is the path of an object starting off with a vertical offset when it is dragged along by a string of ...

Specifying two angles A and B and a side a opposite A uniquely determines a triangle with area K = (a^2sinBsinC)/(2sinA) (1) = (a^2sinBsin(pi-A-B))/(2sinA). (2) The third ...

Specifying two adjacent angles A and B and the side between them c uniquely (up to geometric congruence) determines a triangle with area K=(c^2)/(2(cotA+cotB)). (1) The angle ...