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A real, nondegenerate n×n symmetric matrix A, and its corresponding symmetric bilinear form Q(v,w)=v^(T)Aw, has signature (p,q) if there is a nondegenerate matrix C such that ...

A projection matrix P is an n×n square matrix that gives a vector space projection from R^n to a subspace W. The columns of P are the projections of the standard basis ...

A polygon whose vertices do not all lie in a plane.

A matrix for which horizontal and vertical dimensions are not the same (i.e., an m×n matrix with m!=n).

A square matrix A such that A^2=I, where I is the identity matrix. An involutory matrix is its own matrix inverse.

A diagonal matrix is a square matrix A of the form a_(ij)=c_idelta_(ij), (1) where delta_(ij) is the Kronecker delta, c_i are constants, and i,j=1, 2, ..., n, with no implied ...

A square matrix is called Hermitian if it is self-adjoint. Therefore, a Hermitian matrix A=(a_(ij)) is defined as one for which A=A^(H), (1) where A^(H) denotes the conjugate ...

A (2n)×(2n) complex matrix A in C^(2n×2n) is said to be Hamiltonian if J_nA=(J_nA)^(H), (1) where J_n in R^(2n×2n) is the matrix of the form J_n=[0 I_n; I_n 0], (2) I_n is ...

A n×n matrix A is an orthogonal matrix if AA^(T)=I, (1) where A^(T) is the transpose of A and I is the identity matrix. In particular, an orthogonal matrix is always ...

A C-matrix is a symmetric (C^(T)=C) or antisymmetric (C^(T)=-C) C_n (-1,0,1)-matrix with diagonal elements 0 and others +/-1 that satisfies CC^(T)=(n-1)I, (1) where I is the ...