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A paradox mentioned in the Greek work Mechanica, dubiously attributed to Aristotle. Consider the above diagram depicting a wheel consisting of two concentric circles of ...

Arithmetic is the branch of mathematics dealing with integers or, more generally, numerical computation. Arithmetical operations include addition, congruence calculation, ...

An arithmetic series is the sum of a sequence {a_k}, k=1, 2, ..., in which each term is computed from the previous one by adding (or subtracting) a constant d. Therefore, for ...

An articulation vertex of a connected graph, also called a cut-vertex (Harary 1994, p. 26; West 2000; Gross and Yellen 2006) or "cutpoint" (Harary 1994, p. 26), is a vertex ...

A classic arithmetical problem probably first posed by Euclid and investigated by various authors in the Middle Ages. The problem is formulated as a dialogue between the two ...

Vince and Bóna (2012) define an assembly tree T for a connected simple graph G on n nodes as a binary rooted tree with n leavesTree Leaf and n-1 internal nodes and satisfying ...

A recursive primality certificate for a prime p. The certificate consists of a list of 1. A point on an elliptic curve C y^2=x^3+g_2x+g_3 (mod p) for some numbers g_2 and ...

An atlas is a collection of consistent coordinate charts on a manifold, where "consistent" most commonly means that the transition functions of the charts are smooth. As the ...

Let {a_i}_(i=0)^(N-1) be a periodic sequence, then the autocorrelation of the sequence, sometimes called the periodic autocorrelation (Zwillinger 1995, p. 223), is the ...

An automorphic graph is a distance-transitive graph Gamma for which the automorphism group Aut(Gamma) acts primitively on the vertices of Gamma and is not a complete graph or ...